Calculate The Ph of Each of The Following Solutions Yahoo
'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='48' cy='39' r='19' fill='%23f2c9a5'/%3E%3Cpath d='M27 35c3-16 39-17 42 2-8-8-27-9-42-2z' fill='%23374151'/%3E%3Cpath d='M21 86c5-24 49-28 56 0z' fill='%232563eb'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='41' cy='41' r='2' fill='%23111827'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='55' cy='41' r='2' fill='%23111827'/%3E%3Cpath d='M42 52c4 3 9 3 13 0' stroke='%2392400e' stroke-width='3' fill='none' stroke-linecap='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E)
Reviewed by Calculator Editorial Team
Calculating the pH of solutions is essential in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. This guide explains how to determine the pH of various solutions using the pH formula and provides practical examples.
What is pH?
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14, where:
- pH 0-6.9: Acidic
- pH 7: Neutral
- pH 7.1-14: Basic (alkaline)
The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number change represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity.
pH Formula
The pH of a solution is calculated using the following formula:
pH = -log10[H+]
Where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter (mol/L).
For solutions with a pH less than 7, the solution is acidic. For pH greater than 7, the solution is basic.
How to Calculate pH
To calculate the pH of a solution:
- Determine the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) in the solution.
- Take the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration.
- The result is the pH of the solution.
For example, if a solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-5 mol/L:
pH = -log10(1 × 10-5) = 5
pH Scale
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Key points of the pH scale include:
| pH Range | Classification | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 0-6.9 | Acidic | Lemon juice, vinegar, stomach acid |
| 7 | Neutral | Pure water, distilled water |
| 7.1-14 | Basic (alkaline) | Baking soda, soap, bleach |
Common Solutions and Their pH
Here are some common solutions and their approximate pH values:
| Solution | pH | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Distilled water | 7 | Neutral |
| Lemon juice | 2 | Acidic |
| Vinegar | 2.4-3.4 | Acidic |
| Baking soda | 8.3 | Basic |
| Bleach | 11-13 | Basic |